Improving the energy efficiency of the lighting system

The main measures to improve the energy efficiency of lighting are as follows:

  • Replacement of light sources with new energy-efficient lamps while ensuring the established lighting standards;
  • Maximum use of natural light during the day and automatic control of artificial lighting depending on the level of natural light.
  • Lighting can be controlled by infrared sensors of human presence or movement;
  • Use of modern lighting fixtures with rational light distribution;
  • Use of electronic control equipment (ballast);
  • The use of circuit breakers for emergency lighting systems in areas of temporary staff;
  • Painting of surfaces of industrial premises and the equipment in light tone for increase of efficiency of use of natural and artificial lighting.

You should also pay attention to the following energy saving measures for lighting installations:

  1. Replacement of existing luminaires with more efficient ones;
  2. Replacement of starting and regulating equipment;
  3. Combined lighting;
  4. Automatic lighting control;
  5. Use of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for interior lighting;
  6. Use of lighting control systems.
  1. Replacing existing luminaires with more efficient ones.

The table below shows the possible energy savings by replacing less efficient light sources with more efficient ones

Table. 1. Possible savings of electricity at

transition to more efficient light sources

Light source replacement

Energy savings,%

incandescent lamp* on compact fluorescent lamp

40-60

incandescent lamp*  on fluorescent lamp

40-54

incandescent lamp*  on mercury discharge lamp

41-47

incandescent lamp* on metal halide lamp

54-65

incandescent lamp*  on Sodium Discharge Lamp

57-71

fluorescent lamp on metal halide lamp

20-23

mercury discharge lamp on metal halide lamp

30-40

mercury discharge lamp on Sodium Discharge Lamp

38-50

 * When reducing the normalized illumination for incandescent lamp by one degree in accordance with the lighting norms.

  1. Replacement of starting and regulating equipment.

The use of fluorescent light sources in the set instead of the standard control gear (ballast), electromagnetic ballast with reduced losses increases the light output of the kit by 6 ÷ 26%, and electronic ballast  - by 14 ÷ 55%. equipment.

Table. 2. Coefficient of electricity losses in the starting-regulating equipment

Lamp type

Type of ballast

Coefficient

losses in the ballast

1

Fluorescent Lamp LB

Normal electromagnetic

1,22

2

Fluorescent Lamp LB

Electromagnetic with reduced losses

1,14

3

Fluorescent Lamp LB

Electronic

1,10

4

Fluorescent Lamp КL

Normal electromagnetic

1,27

5

Fluorescent Lamp КL

Electromagnetic with reduced losses

1,15

6

Fluorescent Lamp КL

Electronic

1,10

7

mercury discharge lamp

Ordinary electromagnetic

1,08

8

mercury discharge lamp

Electronic

1,06

9

Sodium Lamp

Normal electromagnetic

1,10

10

Sodium Lamp

Electronic

1,06

  1. Combined lighting

The use of combined (general + localized) lighting instead of general lighting allows you to save electricity.

Table. 3. Energy savings when using a combined lighting system

Share of auxiliary area from

total area of the room,% 

Energy savings,%

25

20÷25

50

35÷40

75

55÷65

For rooms larger than 50 m2, automatic artificial lighting control devices should be used depending on the natural light of the room. Automatic control systems (ACS) allow you to adjust the brightness of the light source (LL, CFL) from 100% to 0%. The automatic control system must be duplicated by manual lighting control.

  1. Automatic lighting control

Energy savings with the introduction of automatic lighting control can be estimated using the table. 4.

Table 4. Energy savings during implementation

automatic lighting control

The level of complexity of the system

automatic lighting control

Savings

electricity,%

1

Light level control and automatic

switching on and off of lighting system

at a critical value of illumination

 10÷15

2

Zonal lighting control (switching lighting on and off discretely, depending on

from the zonal distribution of natural light)

 20÷25

3

Smooth control of power and light

flux of lamps depending on the distribution

natural light

 30÷40

Table. 5. Save electricity when using

different ways to regulate artificial lighting

Number of workers

changes

Type of natural

lighting in

indoor

Method of regulation

artificial lighting

Saving electric

energy,%

1

Upper

Continuous

36-27

Stepped

32-13

Lateral

Continuous

22-7

Step

12-2

2

Upper

Continuous

31-23

Step

27-11

Lateral

Continuous

19-6

Step

10-2

  1. Use of  CFLs for interior lighting

Economical compact fluorescent lamps (integrated - with ballast built into the threaded base) are designed for use in office space. In the table. 6 compares compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) with incandescent lamps. The table shows that the use of CFLs instead of LR at the same luminous flux can significantly reduce power consumption. CFLs are available with the same base as incandescent lamps, which makes it easy to replace incandescent lamps.

Table. 6. Comparison of the characteristics of incandescent lamps

with compact fluorescent lamps

incandescent lamps

CFL

The ratio of light

return of CFL to LR,

relative unit.

Power,

W

Light

flow, lm

Light

flow, lm

Power,

W

25

200

5

200

4,3

40

420

7

400

5,3

60

710

11

600

4,5

75

940

15

900

4,7

100

1360

20

1200

4,3

2x60

1460

23

1500

5,4

Costs are reduced:

  • to replace incandescent lamps 10 times;
  • to pay for electricity 5.4 times.
  1. Use of lighting control systems

Significant savings in electricity consumption for lighting can be obtained with the help of a rational lighting control system. Such systems enable or disable lighting fixtures under the following conditions:

  • depending on the level of natural light in the premises (for example, by photorelay signals);
  • when a certain time of day is reached (for example, by timer signals);
  • when a person presses the control buttons (for example, entering the entrance, the person presses a button that gives a signal to turn on the lights, the lights are turned off automatically at a specified time interval);
  • at input of signals from presence sensors.

Lighting control systems are very common abroad. When implementing them, it should be borne in mind that they complicate lighting networks and in many cases reduce the service life of some types of lamps. For example, each inclusion of a fluorescent lamp reduces its service life by about two hours. The service life of incandescent lamps with the number of inclusions of about 2500 hours is practically unchanged. With a large number of inclusions of  incandescent lamp, you can use a soft start system that prevents current surges in the filament of the lamp when it is turned on, when the spiral material has a low temperature and its electrical resistance is low.

According to PMKEU "PATRIOT"





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